Duolingo: The Fake Sentiment Crisis

The market currently treats Duolingo like a “dead app walking,” terrified that AI will turn language learning into a relic. They are playing the math of a utility company while ignoring the psychology and network effects of a platform. The argument that Duolingo is headed to zero is dumb. The argument that AI language tools make learning a new language obsolete is even dumber.

Part 1: The Blackjack Blunder (Panicking Over a 6)

In Blackjack, if the dealer is showing a 6—the statistically weakest card in the deck—and you are sitting on a Soft 18 or a 7, you don’t surrender. You double down.

The Table Panic: Right now, the market is “surrendering” because they are convinced the dealer has a King or an Ace hidden under the cards. They are sweating over a ghost.
The Reality: The dealer (the bears) has a weak hand built on vague fears about AI. Meanwhile, your hand is a 40% revenue grower with $1.1 billion in net cash and zero debt. The market is surrendering a winning hand because it’s spooked by a bust card. When a stock is down 70% from its high, but the business is still growing revenue at 41%, the market is no longer pricing the business on facts—it’s pricing it on fear.

Part 2: Dirt Cheap—The Valuation Gap

The quants are missing the forest for the trees. Let’s look at the actual damage:

The “Gift” Multiple: Duolingo is trading at an EV/Sales of ~4.2x. For a 40% grower, that is an absolute anomaly. Most software companies growing this fast trade at 8x to 12x revenue.
The Cash Rebate: With $22 per share in net cash, you’re buying a world-class growth engine at a “distressed asset” price.

Part 3: The Platform Moat (Robinhood, Spotify, and Bad Bunny)

Comparing Duolingo to titans like Meta or Netflix might be a stretch in scale, but the logic is identical: platforms that own the “habit” win.

Engagement is a Moat: In Q3 2025, Duolingo crossed the massive milestone of 50 million Daily Active Users (DAUs), growing 36% YoY. People aren’t just downloading the app; they are addicted to it. A translation tool is a utility; Duolingo is a habit.
The Spotify/Robinhood Parallel: Remember 2022? The “smart money” said Spotify was dead because of Apple Music. They said Robinhood was a “zero” because of Fidelity. They were wrong. They ignored the UX and the habit. Same with edtech rivals like Babbel or Rosetta Stone. Duolingo’s network effects (social sharing, leaderboards) make it the iPhone of apps: sticky in a way pure utilities aren’t. AI might commoditize translation, but it can’t commoditize community. Duolingo has 100M+ total users sharing streaks; that’s a flywheel no chatbot can spin alone.
The 35% Spike: Look at the “Bad Bunny Effect.” Following his Super Bowl LX appearance, Duolingo saw a 35% week-over-week spike in Spanish learners. People don’t just want to “understand” culture; they want to participate in it.

Part 4: The “Utility Fallacy” (Why AI Can’t Kill Art)

The argument that AI translation makes learning a language obsolete is the single dumbest take in modern tech. It treats language as a “data transfer” problem, ignoring the soul of human behavior.

Language = Social Status: Treating language like a pure utility is an enormous misreading of human nature. Just like food is more than just fuel, and the clothes you wear go beyond just functionality, language is a signal of effort, intelligence, and respect.
Soul Can’t Be Translated: People don’t listen to Bad Bunny because they need to translate his lyrics into a technical document. They listen because they like the music, the rhythm, and the slang. You don’t learn a language to “get the data”—you learn it to inhabit the soul of the culture.
The Attraction Factor: A survey found that 79% of adults find bilingualism more attractive than monolingualism. Using a translator app to impress someone you’re attracted to has zero “oomph.” It’s the difference between a “fancy restaurant” and “buying ingredients at the store.”
The Restaurant Logic: Saying AI kills language apps is like saying people will stop eating at restaurants because groceries are cheaper. We don’t eat out for the calories; we eat out for the experience and the connection.

Let me be clear: Those arguing that AI will turn language into a utility are engaging in one of the silliest “intellectual” debates I have ever heard. It is shockingly ridiculous. It assumes humans are robots that only care about the shortest path from Point A to Point B. In the real world, we take the scenic route because that’s where the value is. And here’s the kicker, bears forget: Duolingo is AI. They’re building the moat higher while rivals play catch-up. Their Duolingo Max tier (powered by GPT-4) rolled out AI-driven “Video Call” and “Roleplay” features last year, letting users practice real conversations with an AI that adapts on the fly. It’s not replacing the habit; it’s supercharging it.

Part 5: The 5-10x Opportunity (The Bottom Line)

Investing is most rewarding during difficult times when sentiment is at its lowest. Even if you don’t believe Duolingo returns to its peak 45x revenue multiples, this is an opportunity worth taking. With earnings dropping on February 26 (just two weeks out), hint at it as the “next card flip.”

Asymmetric Risk: the downside is protected by a billion-dollar fortress.
The Path to $1,000: For Duolingo to reach $1,000, it needs to become a $47 billion company. In the tech world, that’s just a “successful mid-cap”—the size of Workday or Lululemon. Given its AI-powered “Personal Tutor” narrative, this is a very plausible outcome over the next 5-10 years.
I started a position last week. An opportunity based on a SaaS apocalypse, which feels irrational given that Duolingo is not even a SaaS company. I will look like a visionary or an investor in complete denial.

The Verdict: You’re being offered a “Royal Flush” opportunity. By the time the math proves Duolingo is a $50 billion company, the stock will already be at all-time highs. Betting against the Owl is betting against human nature. I’ll take the other side of that trade every time.

Lemonade’s Moment of Truth: From Speculation to Generational Play

The Mainstream Blind Spot

Most investors are still fixated on the smoking crater of the 2022 bubble. They haven’t refreshed their mental models to reflect Lemonade’s evolution from a cash-burning startup to a data-driven compounding machine. That lingering skepticism? It’s pure alpha.

The Pivot to Profitability

Lemonade has long been a tantalizing story, but the big “if” was always profitability. Now we’re witnessing the “how.” The narrative has flipped from raw growth to ruthless operational efficiency. Key highlights from Q3 2025:

In-Force Premium (IFP): Reached $1.16 billion, up 30% YoY—their 8th straight quarter of accelerating growth.
Loss Ratio Mastery: Gross loss ratios have plummeted from 73% down to 62%. In insurance, that 11-point swing is the difference between a straw house and a fortress.
Efficiency at Scale: Loss Adjustment Expense (LAE) ratio—the cost to process claims—dropped to 7%, below legacy players like Progressive or Geico (typically 9-10%).
Reinsurance Revolution: Primary quota share ceded fell from 55% to 20%. Lemonade’s finally retaining the “juice” instead of outsourcing most profits to reinsurers.

The Coiled Spring: The Tesla Shot of Adrenalin

A coiled spring demands a spark. Enter the Autonomous Car Insurance launch: Arizona on January 26, 2026, and Oregon in February. By plugging directly into Tesla’s Fleet API, Lemonade delivers ~50% per-mile discounts with Full Self-Driving (FSD). This isn’t just insurance; it becomes a viral customer magnet.

The “X” Factor: Tesla influencers’ publicity and Elon Musk’s orbit have generated millions of organic impressions. In a world where a Super Bowl ad costs $7 million for 30 seconds, Lemonade effectively ran a “digital Super Bowl campaign” for free.
The Safety Edge: Lemonade’s data shows FSD-assisted driving is roughly 2x safer than human driving. They are pricing risk with high-resolution telemetry that traditional insurers simply can’t touch.

The 10x Revenue Multiplier

The hidden gem? Premium per Customer is now $403 (up 5% YoY). As the “Lemonade generation” matures from $15/month renters to $150/month car/pet/home bundles, revenue per user could 10x while acquisition costs hold steady. It’s the flywheel legacy insurers envy.

The Bottom Line

I am extremely bullish. This isn’t the same as buying the hype at 70 in 2020. Over 5 years later, the company is dramatically more efficient, and “Car” is a proven engine rather than a theoretical startup.

The Lemonade thesis was never about a sleeker app; it was about a fundamentally superior information architecture. While the legacy giants like State Farm or Geico price based on broad ‘buckets,’ Lemonade is finally proving it can price at the individual level.

With the stock retracing under 70 (currently hovering around $63–$64 after a volatile start to the year), we may be in the final throes of disbelief. Q4 2025 Earnings Call on Feb 19th is just days away. The data is trending toward a triple-threat: accelerating growth, massive margin expansion, and a clear path to profitability. With the recent winter storms being less catastrophic than feared, the pathway for Lemonade to run in 2026 and 2027 is wide open.

The Clothing Company Outperforming Nvidia

Aritzia’s Q3 FY2026 was one of its best quarters ever—like a walk-off home run in the playoffs. For the first time in the company’s history, they crossed the CAD 1 billion revenue mark in a single quarter, hitting CAD 1.04 billion, up 42.8% YoY.

Aritzia grew sales by nearly 43% while increasing inventory by only 10%. This means their inventory turnover is accelerating and they’re selling clothes almost as fast as they can get them off the trucks. This leads to fewer markdowns and higher full-price selling, which is exactly why their gross profit margin expanded by 30 basis points to 46% this quarter. This 4.3x “Sales-to-Inventory” growth ratio suggests an operational efficiency that makes even the “Mag Seven” look sluggish.

Compare that to Lululemon: Their inventory grew by 11%, but revenue only grew by 7%. When inventory outpaces sales, it usually leads to one thing: markdowns. In fact, Lululemon’s Q3 earnings call explicitly noted that gross margins were squeezed by higher markdowns (up 90 basis points) and tariff impacts. They have ~$2 billion in yoga pants and gear sitting in warehouses that they’re struggling to move at full price.

Aritzia is actually running a more efficient operation relative to its growth than even Nvidia right now. Here’s a quick side-by-side:

Company	Sales Growth (YoY)	Inventory Growth (YoY)	Ratio (Sales/Inventory Growth)
Aritzia	42.8%	10%	~4.3x
Nvidia	62%	~32% (9M cumulative)	~1.9x
Lululemon	7%	11%	<1x

Aritzia’s ability to scale this aggressively while staying so disciplined on inventory is retail execution at its finest, turning hype into real, high-margin momentum. If you’re looking at consumer discretionary winners in this environment, Aritzia is flexing harder than most realize.

This quarter also saw the late-October launch of the Aritzia Mobile App, which hit 1.4 million downloads and became the #1 shopping app in North America on day one. E-commerce revenue surged 58.2%, proving that “Everyday Luxury” translates perfectly to a high-frequency digital experience.

In 2027, Aritzia isn’t just signing a lease; they’re opening a new 40,000 square foot flagship store of the former Nordstrom footprint in Vancouver’s CF Pacific Centre. Aritzia is officially planting its flag on the grave of the defeated old guard.

This is the coronation of a new king. It marks the definitive shift from the bloated, “everything-for-everyone” department store model to a new, aggressive power dynamic. Aritzia has engineered a psychological moat known as “Everyday Luxury.” This isn’t just fashion; it’s a socioeconomic pivot that captures the soul of the modern consumer:

High-End Design: The clothes look like they belong on a Paris runway (minimalist, high-quality fabrics, tailored fits).
Attainable Pricing: Because they control the supply chain, they can sell that “look” for $150–$400 instead of $2,000. By pricing themselves 30–40% below heritage luxury (The Row, Celine) but 20–30% above fast fashion (Zara, H&M), they’ve created a “sweet spot” of attainable exclusivity.
The Result: They’ve captured the “HENRY” (High Earner, Not Rich Yet) demographic. This group is remarkably resilient to macro downturns because they view Aritzia as a “reasonable” yet “necessary” indulgence rather than an extravagant splurge.
The Psychology: Since “big” milestones (real estate, stable pensions) are increasingly out of reach for many, the HENRY demographic is reallocating their discretionary cash into “micro-luxuries” that provide immediate status and emotional ROI.

As we are witnessing with Saks, the “department store” represents the old middle class: a place where you go to see a little bit of everything. It’s a dying generalist model in a world that’s increasingly specialized.

The Old Way: Middle class = Access to variety.
The New Way: Middle class = Access to a vibe. Aritzia doesn’t just sell clothes; it sells a lifestyle aesthetic. When you walk into their “Super Flagships,” you aren’t shopping; you’re participating in a brand-curated experience.

The stock is trading at record highs with a P/E that reflects “perfection.” But Aritzia is just hitting its stride. They’ve successfully moved beyond “leggings and hoodies” into a full-wardrobe solution. It isn’t just superb execution by management; it’s capturing the vibe of today’s consumer.

I bought the stock as a small position in 2023 and have held it and will continue to hold it. If we’re using a baseball analogy, we are still very early. For Aritzia’s growth, we haven’t even entered the 7th inning stretch. Aritzia currently has roughly 72 boutiques in the US (out of 139 total). For context, Lululemon has about 374 stores in the US. Aritzia’s stated goal is ~150 boutiques total by 2027, with long-term potential for 180- 200+ overall, focusing heavily on US expansion (8-10 new boutiques annually, mostly in the US). If Aritzia hits its 150-store near-term target, revenue will likely triple as brand awareness hits a tipping point.

I am officially pegging Aritzia as a stock to buy during a market correction or pullback. Unlike legacy retailers, Aritzia is currently expanding its US footprint into a demographic that views “Everyday Luxury” as a non-negotiable part of their personal identity. This psychological moat, combined with an operational efficiency that is scaling faster than its infrastructure costs, makes Aritzia uniquely qualified to weather consumer weakness better than almost any peer in the sector.

If the market gives me a discount on this level of execution, I’ll take it.

Investment Thesis: LA Chargers 2026–27 Championship (Prediction Market Play)

Asset Class: NFL Event Contracts (e.g., Robinhood, Kalshi)

Time Horizon: 12–14 Months

Conviction Level: High (Conditional on Jesse Minter’s retention)

I. Executive Summary

The market will likely misprice the LA Chargers due to recency bias following their 16–3 Wild Card exit. By applying first principles, I identify a massive gap between the “Playoff Loser” narrative and the reality of a team with elite QB talent, a top-tier coaching foundation, and the league’s most aggressive potential for capital deployment in 2026 ($103M+).

II. The Prediction Market Edge: Trading the Probability Curve

Unlike traditional sports betting, prediction markets function like tradable securities. This creates two distinct exit windows before the Super Bowl even occurs:

The “Offseason Alpha”: If the Chargers land a Tier-1 Center (e.g., Tyler Linderbaum) and the market sees a healthy Joe Alt/Rashawn Slater in camp, the contract price will spike. A $0.05 entry in March could trade at $0.15 by August—a 3x return without a single game played.
The “Hot Start” Multiplier: A 4–0 start against a regressing AFC field could move that contract to $0.25+. I can harvest gains based on sentiment shifts rather than holding for the final outcome.

III. The Fundamentals: Mean Reversion & Liquidity

The “Stabilized Wall”: The 2025 season was a statistical outlier for O-line injuries. The return of Alt and Slater is a “built-in” upgrade that requires zero cap spend. When Alt was on the field, Herbert’s EPA per pass was Top 3. Without him, it was Bottom 4.
The Quarterback Signal: Justin Herbert won 11 games in 2025 with a fractured hand and 54 sacks. He is a “distressed asset” that will revert to elite efficiency the moment the pocket is clean.
The $103M War Chest: The Chargers are in “Rare Air”—a winning team with a Top-5 QB and the #1 effective cap space in the NFL. While rivals (Ravens, Bills, Chiefs) are shedding talent to survive, the Chargers are the primary poachers for blue-chip free agents. After the Chargers, the next team with the most cap space is the Tennessee Titans (money with no pilot for the plane), and the Las Vegas Raiders, an unmitigated disaster.

IV. Risk/Reward: The “Minter” Trigger

The Risk: DC Jesse Minter is currently the hottest HC candidate on the market (requested by Browns/Titans/Raiders).
The Play: Because HC hires finish in Jan/Feb, the “Minter Factor” will be fully known by the time Robinhood lists the 2027 contracts in mid-February.
High Conviction: If Minter stays, the defensive “Floor” remains the best in the AFC. This becomes a “Back the Truck Up” bet.
Potential nothingburger: If Harbaugh hires a high-level “CEO-style” DC, the loss of Minter is minimized.

V. Trade Strategy

Entry: Late February 2026 (Post-Super Bowl LX listing).
The Catalyst: Signing Tyler Linderbaum (C), Trey Hendrickson (Edge), or George Pickens (WR).
The Exit: Scale out 50% of the position if the contract 3x’s by the end of the preseason; let the rest ride on the 2027 playoff run.

Conclusion and Closing Thoughts:

Jim Harbaugh and GM Joe Hortiz walked into a burning building in 2024, stayed inside to put out the fire for two years, and have now emerged with a pristine balance sheet.

In value investing terms, they performed a “Distressed Debt Restructuring.” They inherited a team where the “Enterprise Value” (Justin Herbert) was being suppressed by massive, underperforming liabilities.

Two years later, the massive “ball and chain” contracts are all officially off the books. Harbaugh spent 2024 and 2025 eating the “Sunk Costs” of the previous management. He let the stars walk, took the dead money hits, and played the “short game” to win the “long game.”

The Chargers are the AFC’s only legitimate liquidity outlier. They possess the unique balance sheet capacity to absorb a whale like Myles Garrett while simultaneously aggressively stacking Tier-1 free agents. They aren’t just building a roster; they are “buying” a championship window that the rest of the AFC is structurally locked out of.

The market remains inefficient, failing to discount a revamped offense protected by a healthy, elite line. The delta between the Chargers and the “elite” tier is a paper-thin margin that disappears the moment these off-season acquisitions hit the turf.

Barring a catastrophic Herbert injury or a “black swan” medical season, the risk-reward here is heavily skewed. The contract price will likely be mispriced. I’m long, and I’m confident for my first-ever prediction market bet.

Revolve’s Superpowers: A Rare and Powerful Combination Most Investors Completely Overlook

Revolve Group (NYSE: RVLV) is the forgotten champion of apparel retail. While Wall Street obsesses over hyper-growth names and retail investors chase the next meme stock, Revolve quietly operates one of the strongest, most defensible business models in the entire consumer sector. It’s dismissed as “just another overpriced clothing seller,” but that superficial take misses two genuine superpowers that are extraordinarily rare in the apparel sector. This unique combination creates a company that is antifragile in a brutal, cyclical, low-margin industry, a combination that deserves far more attention than it gets.

Superpower #1: A Pristine, Fortress-Like Balance Sheet

Revolve has more cash and cash equivalents than total liabilities. This isn’t total assets minus liabilities. This is cash-on-hand exceeding all debt. As of September 30, 2025, Revolve held $315 million in cash, with total liabilities of just $226, leaving it net cash positive by nearly $90 million. (Revolve Group Announces Third Quarter 2025 Financial Results, 2025) In an industry notorious for leverage-fueled boom-and-bust cycles, this is almost unheard of. Look at Revolve’s closest competitors and legacy apparel names:

The RealReal → Negative net cash, drowning in $500+ million of debt
Victoria’s Secret → $4 billion in long-term debt, with cash covering only a fraction.
Guess? → Leveraged with debt-to-equity over 2x
Macy’s, Kohl’s, Abercrombie in their prior incarnations → Perpetual debt refinancings amid endless store closures

Most apparel retailers use leverage as oxygen. Revolve doesn’t need it. Zero net debt (actually net cash) gives them a massive margin of safety that investors in this sector are simply not accustomed to. In a downturn, Revolve can keep the lights on indefinitely without ever visiting a bank. In an upturn, they can aggressively buy back stock (they’ve already repurchased over 20% of shares outstanding since their 2019 IPO, including $100 million authorized in 2023), or acquire distressed brands/competitors for pennies on the dollar. Having such a fortress balance sheet creates real optionality.

Superpower #2: Consistently Elite Gross Margins (54% and Climbing)

The average apparel retailer scrapes by with gross margins of 30-50%. Revolve delivered a 54.6% gross margin in Q3 2025 (up 350 basis points YoY) and has maintained a 50-55% gross margin range for years. For context:

Louis Vuitton (LVMH) → 66%
Lululemon → 59%
Zara → 55-57%
Most everyone else → 30-45%

Revolve is operating at the same rarefied level as the very best branded apparel players on earth, despite being a pure-play online retailer without a physical-store crutch. Why does this matter so much? Because elite margins are Revolve’s ultimate defense against Amazon. Retail investors see “expensive clothes” and assume the model is fragile. In reality, those premium prices are the moat. Millennials and Gen Z raised on Instagram and TikTok aren’t shopping for the cheapest white t-shirt: they’re buying an identity, or an outfit that photographs well at Coachella. Revolve sells social currency. Customers happily pay 2–3 times more for the outfit that might cost less elsewhere because they’re paying for curation, discovery, and status. That willingness to pay a premium is exactly what produces 54%+ gross margins and sustains an average order value of $306 in Q3 2025 (up 1% YoY).

And those margins are what keep Amazon at bay. Amazon dominates commodity fashion: fast, cheap, endless selection. If Revolve ever tried to compete on price, Amazon would crush them with its scale and logistics. But Revolve isn’t playing that game. They’re playing the art of the brand premium game, something Amazon isn’t going to win. Even after 25+ years and billions invested, Amazon has failed to crack premium or luxury fashion in any meaningful way, with a fashion gross margin hovering around 20-30%, far below the industry standard. Jeff Bezos himself has admitted that building a real fashion brand is one of the few things Amazon hasn’t figured out.

The Rare Combination

Put the two superpowers together, and you get something compelling:

A net-cash balance sheet → survives any storm, buys back stock aggressively, and is opportunistic with M&A.
54%+ gross margins → funds growth, defends against Amazon, produces torrents of free cash flow (up $265% YoY to $59 million in the first nine months of 2025.
- This defensive balance sheet and offensive margin profile is the definition of antifragile in retail.

Revolve is clearly doing something different: one that builds on digital and social infrastructure to erect a curation and brand moat. They sell the Revolve experience, which allows them to charge premium, full-price prices (high Average Order Value). Using first principles, Revolve’s main product isn’t a dress; it’s the marketing expense. The influencer trip is not just a cost; it is the intangible asset that allows them to maintain a $300 price point for a dress. This experiential luxury marketing, powered by a network of 5,000+ influencers, has driven its owned-brand penetration to 35% of sales, further boosting margins.

The focus on experiential luxury marketing allows Revolve to build a digital model while using temporary pop-ups as low-CapEx market research before committing to a permanent location. Their Aspen pop-up in December 2024 converted to a full flagship in June 2025 after crushing performance metrics, and they’re replicating the playbook with a permanent store at LA’s The Grove. Focusing on brand experience, margins, and building a cash fortress creates optionality, which is a much different playbook than most apparel retailers play: heavy CapEx expansion to drive growth, which is more inflexible and likely requires leverage.

Very few companies in any industry possess both traits simultaneously. When you find one, especially one trading at a reasonable earnings multiple with a proven ability to grow, it’s worth paying attention. Revolve isn’t a “hot” stock. It doesn’t have 150% YoY growth. It is a quiet, compounding machine built on genuine structural advantages, like a pristine balance sheet and 54% margins that the market keeps overlooking.

The Headline Trap: Why Moderna Wins with the Lower Number

Pfizer has released Phase 3 data for its mRNA flu vaccine, boasting 34% greater efficacy than the standard flu shot. On paper, this beats Moderna’s candidate, which demonstrated 26.6% efficacy.

If you trade on headlines alone, you buy Pfizer. If you trade on first principles, you recognise the trap.

The trials weren’t even testing the same thing.

The Demographic Divergence: Premium vs. Commodity

Pfizer’s 34.5% victory was achieved exclusively among adults aged 18–64. Moderna’s 26.6% victory, however, came from a massive trial of ~41,000 adults aged $50+, delivering a crucial 27.4% superiority in the 65+ demographic.

The 18–64 bracket is the commodity market. Very few people in this age group die or end up in the ICU from the flu.

The 65+ bracket is the premium market. That’s the group that actually fills hospital beds, racks up billion-dollar Medicare bills, and is the entire reason high-dose shots like Fluzone HD even exist.

Pfizer won the participation-trophy age group. Moderna won the one payer that will pay a premium.

The Influenza B Disaster

Then there’s the Influenza B disaster for Pfizer. This is the part that genuinely shocked me:

Pfizer’s shot was worse than the standard egg-based vaccine against Influenza B strains. Not just “slightly less good”—it missed. There is basically zero chance Pfizer gets this approved as-is.

Moderna faced this exact failure last year. They went back, re-engineered the shot, and the June 2025 data proves they fixed it: 29% greater efficacy against Influenza B.

Why Pfizer is Structurally Screwed

It comes down to structural engineering. The Hemagglutinin protein (the part of the virus the immune system targets) is notoriously unstable. If a company simply prints the basic mRNA instructions (which Pfizer likely did), the protein “flops” or misfolds. The immune system takes a picture of a collapsed building, resulting in weak antibodies.

Moderna didn’t just tweak the dose; they engineered “stabilizing mutations.” Think of it as adding steel scaffolding to the protein so it stands tall in a “pre-fusion” state long enough for the immune system to recognise the correct structure.

The IP Moat

This is the most critical factor: Moderna owns the patent on that scaffolding. US Patent No. 10,925,958 (“Influenza Vaccine”) specifically covers these RNA-encoded, stabilized Hemagglutinin structures.

Pfizer now has to either (a) license it, (b) fight the patent in court, or (c) invent some completely different stabilization method that doesn’t breach Moderna’s claims.

The Investment Thesis: A Strategic Moat

Pfizer’s delay will, at a minimum, miss the 2027 flu season. This ensures Moderna a critical first-mover advantage in the emerging respiratory super-cycle (COVID, Flu, and RSV).

This provides Moderna a clean runway to dominate the premium demographic with a fully validated formulation that works against all four strains, protected by IP that has already survived challenges.

While this development alone doesn’t constitute the ’10-bagger’ moment, it strategically secures Moderna’s position. It creates a robust, defensible business in an evolving market focused on combo COVID/Flu/RSV shots, capable of meeting demand during the next endemic or pandemic.

Crucially, the true value proposition is the robust, validated respiratory vaccine pipeline. This is a foundational step for future platform expansion into latent viruses, oncology, and a wide range of rare diseases. We are likely still very early in realising the full scope of this proprietary mRNA ecosystem.

UnitedHealth: Navigating the Fog of War in Healthcare

Investing in the U.S. healthcare sector is akin to navigating a battlefield shrouded in fog. Stocks like UnitedHealth (UNH), Oscar Health, Progyny, Hims & Hers Health, or even Novo Nordisk may seem appealing, but a minefield of uncertainties surrounds them. I am skeptical whether UNH is the obvious value play.

Picture this: Deploying your capital is like sending troops into hostile, unpredictable terrain. If you’ve ever tangled with the American healthcare system, you know it’s a chaotic web of shifting regulations, bureaucratic red tape, and outright irrationality that can derail even the savviest investor’s plans.

UNH: A Distraction in the Fog

UnitedHealth is currently under a microscope, with the Department of Justice launching both civil and criminal investigations into potential fraud in its Medicare billing practices. These investigations, which are focused on allegations of overcharging and improper billing, could have significant financial and reputational implications for the company. For a long-term investor, this is a massive distraction. Regulatory scrutiny doesn’t just threaten your investment—it demands your time and energy, which are better spent hunting for truly innovative opportunities.

Is the broader healthcare sector undervalued? Signs suggest yes. But “undervalued” alone doesn’t justify making UNH a core holding. Short-term catalysts for a rebound are scarce. Unlike tech companies that can pivot swiftly, UNH is mired in a labyrinth of state and federal oversight, slowing progress to a crawl. This screams low-risk, low-reward: Park your money here, and you might watch it stagnate as inflation erodes your purchasing power.

The Opportunity Cost Trap

The real danger isn’t just losses—it’s opportunity cost, the silent killer that drains your portfolio’s potential. Opportunity cost is the potential benefit that is foregone when one alternative is chosen over another. Consider investors who snapped up ‘bargain’ Boeing shares during the pandemic. Sure, Boeing was cheap, with bankruptcy risks cushioned by its ‘too big to fail’ status and a near-duopoly in aviation. A Boeing bull might argue: ‘I’m up 30-50% over five years—what’s the problem?’ Two issues stand out:

That 30-50% lags the S&P 500’s 90-100% surge over the same period. Why take single-stock risk for returns that trail a broad index with far less stress?
Tying up capital in Boeing meant missing rockets like Nvidia’s jaw-dropping 1,500%+ run or the stellar gains from Palantir and MicroStrategy.

Piling into UnitedHealth feels like queuing for hours at a hyped-up New York City pizza joint for a $60 pie. Sure, it’s tasty, but was it worth skipping faster, cheaper (and equally delicious) options that don’t hijack your entire day?

I understand the appeal of this sector, having invested in healthcare stocks myself. But is now the right time to go all-in on UNH? I recommend a more cautious approach. In a market where value is hard to find, it’s important not to rush into a potential minefield just because it seems cheap. Patience and a keen awareness of opportunity cost can be your most powerful tools. Instead of making a significant investment in UNH, consider waiting for clearer signals where valuations don’t come with a heavy burden.

Is Lemonade (LMND) Becoming Dangerously Good?

***Philadelphia Phillies starting pitcher Zack Wheeler***

As an investor, I’ve had a love-hate relationship with Lemonade stock. I loaded up too heavily right after its 2020 IPO, only to regret not buying more aggressively when shares dipped into single digits. If you’re considering this name, approach it with caution—it’s a classic high-risk, high-reward bet. Lemonade remains a young company in its growth phase, far from maturity.

In hindsight, the stock’s wild ride in 2021 was fueled by meme-stock mania. It skyrocketed to $188.30 on January 12, 2021, despite the company having under one million policyholders and no auto insurance offering at the time. That bubble burst spectacularly, but beneath the surface, Lemonade’s fundamentals are showing real signs of improvement.

Back to the Drawing board:

The company has always excelled in technology, innovation, and customer acquisition. Profitability, however, has been its Achilles’ heel. I’d liken Lemonade to a highly touted high school baseball pitcher: a laser fastball and a nasty arsenal of pitches, but zero command on the mound. Without control, even the most talented arm flames out quickly; a great repertoire of pitches means nothing if you don’t know where the ball is going.

For a while, its business model reflected this wildness: impressive growth and customer attraction (the 103-mph fastball and filthy slider) were negated by sloppy underwriting (walks and hit-by-pitches). Critics often hammered the company’s high loss ratio as an unsustainable business model.

Think of Lemonade as a young Roy Halladay or Zack Greinke. Both were first-round draft picks who bombed early in their MLB careers, getting demoted to the minors amid mechanical issues and poor results. But they adapted, refined their approach, and emerged as Hall of Famers. Lemonade is on a similar trajectory.

Rebuilding the mechanics

The data over the most recent quarters tells a story of Lemonade tackling its core risks head-on:

Loss ratios are improving dramatically, signaling better risk management and a tighter command of its underwriting.
It has slashed its quota-share reinsurance from ~55% to ~20%, meaning it now keeps more of the premium (and risk) in-house.
After pulling back on its auto insurance rollout, underwriting discipline has strengthened, setting the stage for renewed expansion.

At its core, Lemonade’s business isn’t as complicated as it seems. It’s exceptional at drawing in new customers through its AI-driven, user-friendly platform. If it can continue tightening risk controls, revenue growth should accelerate while losses/expenses stabilize.

The Bull Case Ahead

Wall Street is sleeping on the roadmap ahead. I expect Lemonade to rev up its auto insurance product, expanding beyond the current nine states. New offerings like phone or travel insurance could further juice growth, pulling more users into the ecosystem and unlocking bundling discounts for multi-policy holders.

I’m not hyping this as a sure thing, but my optimism feels more grounded now: rooted in a business that appears primed for scalable profitability. That said, risks abound: Lemonade lacks a deep moat against competitors or economic headwinds, and plenty could still derail it, much like a pitcher blowing out their elbow on a single throw.

Analysts will likely pile in late, chasing momentum rather than leading the charge. I could be wrong, falling into the retail investor trap of being too early or clinging to a thesis that fizzles. Uncertainties remain, but Lemonade looks increasingly deserving of a small portfolio allocation. The bull case could spark explosive upside volatility, especially as AI evolves from infrastructure plays (like Nvidia or Google) to application-layer disruptors. Lemonade’s AI-powered insurance model positions it to capitalize on this shift, potentially delivering venture-like returns in the years ahead. While it’s no Palantir clone, the ride ahead could be like an epic roller coaster.

Tapestry (TPR): Deep Value to Cautious Optimism

In 2016, I invested in Tapestry (TPR), betting on Coach as an undervalued brand poised for a turnaround. It was one of the first stocks I bought as a new investor. My thesis was straightforward: the stock could reclaim its March 2012 peak of $79.70. Nearly a decade later, my prediction proved correct, though the road was far from smooth.

Tapestry faced significant challenges, including the 2019 ousting of its CEO, the 2020 resignation of another due to ‘personal misconduct,’ and a 2024 court ruling blocking its merger with Capri Holdings. Yet, TPR has outperformed the likes of LVMH, Lululemon (LULU), Capri Holdings (CPRI), and Nike (NKE) over the past five years—the very stocks I eyed when TPR struggled. Those same peers now sit well below their prior peaks.

I acknowledge luck played a role. Had the Capri merger proceeded, TPR would likely be trading in the $50–$70 range today, far below its current levels. Now, with TPR soaring past its 2012 high, I’ve shifted my strategy and trimmed my position to lock in long-term gains. If the stock continues to climb, I’ll likely reduce my holdings further.

My original thesis—that Coach was trading at a bargain—no longer holds. In a tough luxury market, Coach has unexpectedly gained pricing power for a mid-tier brand, fueled by a reshaped brand narrative and the TikTok-driven success of its Tabby Bag. However, Kate Spade, accounting for about 15% of revenue, remains a weak link due to inconsistent branding and declining sales, tempering my optimism.

Management deserves credit for Coach’s turnaround, but I remain cautious. Tapestry’s cyclical nature ties its success directly to consumer spending and economic conditions. A weakening economy would likely pressure sales.

Tapestry’s acquisition strategy is my primary concern. Selling the unprofitable Stuart Weitzman brand was a smart move, but the pursuit of the Capri merger suggests management may doubt Coach’s standalone growth potential. Given the lackluster outcomes of the Stuart Weitzman and Kate Spade acquisitions, future M&A activity could increase debt and strain cash flow.

My suggestion? If Tapestry is set on acquisitions, it should issue new shares to fund a targeted purchase, such as a niche luxury brand with strong growth potential. This approach would preserve cash and avoid debt, though it risks diluting existing shareholders. It could create more long-term value than increasing the dividend or buying back stock to where it’s trading currently—an action that offers limited upside if the stock corrects.

While I’ve enjoyed reinvesting dividends during the stock’s recent climb, weaker economic indicators, like declining retail sales, suggest uncertainty ahead. Most companies in the consumer cyclical sector face headwinds from slowing spending, and TPR is no exception.

That said, TPR isn’t wildly overvalued. With an upcoming earnings report and Investor Day looming in September, short-term upside potential remains. I’m cautiously optimistic and will monitor these events. My goal is to sell more shares at a higher price before the end of the year.

Why Palantir Reminds Me of Gangnam Style

Palantir redefined data analytics, while Gangnam Style redefined K-pop. Both achieved unexpected success through unconventional approaches, capitalizing on the right timing, transformative momentum, and cultural context.

Palantir, whose stock has surged over 400% in the past year, has become a focal point in the AI movement, despite its 20-year history. Similarly, Psy was already a veteran artist in South Korea, having started his career in 1999, 13 years before the global phenomenon’ Gangnam Style’ was released in 2012. The video eventually became the first on YouTube to reach one billion views.

Both share the same superpower: unorthodoxy, which helps them stand out in a competitive field. Palantir has unexpectedly fueled the spirit of AI-driven operations, just as Gangnam Style helped usher in K-pop on a global level. Alex Karp, an unconventional CEO, and Psy, the highly unconventional K-pop artist, embody this spirit of unorthodoxy.

Grappling with Valuation:

As a Palantir shareholder, am I saying this is the “peak” for the company? I don’t know. It seemed things were getting frothy when Palantir surpassed Lockheed Martin’s market cap; now it has a larger market cap than Lockheed Martin, Boeing, and Snowflake combined.

From a price-to-earnings or even price-to-sales ratio perspective, Palantir makes zero sense. While a projected growth rate of 36% is impressive, it falls short of what Zoom Communications achieved during the pandemic or what Nvidia has accomplished over the past three years.

It’s very possible that Palantir’s growth may have already peaked or is nearing its peak. I have little doubt, though, that the company has a long and successful future. However, I am highly uncertain if Palantir can grow enough to meet its sky-high valuation. Any signs of slowing growth could lead to a steep retracement. Any broader market correction or shift in sentiment could lead to a significant decline.

Even though I’m tempted to trim and sell more (if not all) of my shares every time the stock rises, it’s difficult to fight against momentum. Palantir is a profitable free cash flow machine, and its commercial business is in an early growth phase. The story remains compelling. There is little wrong with the actual fundamentals of the company; the focus of late has been predominantly on valuation metrics.

Lessons from Psy:

What Gangnam Style can teach us about Palantir is that a valuation doesn’t have to make sense to justify itself to keep rising. Momentum and narrative transcend numbers (even though Palantir’s numbers are solid).

As T-Pain said, words cannot describe how amazing the music video for Gangnam Style is. The video itself doesn’t make much sense, yet it has dominated globally:

This is an almost Dada-esque series of vignettes that make no sense at all to most Western eyes. Psy spits in the air while a child breakdances, sings to horses, strolls through a hurricane that shoots whipped cream in his face, there’s explosions, a disco bus, he rides a merry-go-round, dances on boats, beaches, in car parks and in elevators and generally makes you wonder if you have accidentally taken someone else’s medication.

Hit video may have a subversive message

I believe the numbers cannot fully capture the actual value of Palantir as a business. My brain struggles to grasp its market cap, and a voice within me says, “This is as good as it will get.” My heart tells me this growth story has a lot more breadth. It has the potential for a longer runway compared to unprofitable companies like Snowflake, CrowdStrike, and Cloudflare.

Perhaps this narrative about Palantir being grossly overvalued could be right and wrong at the same time. In the short term, Palantir is due for an inevitable and painful correction, but proves itself not as a ‘hype meme growth AI stock’ but more akin to a ServiceNow or Microsoft, where they are early in their business lifecycle and maintain a robust growth rate for an extended period.

Palantir’s story shows that powerful momentum can outpace solid fundamentals for a long time. Like Psy’s viral hit, its valuation may defy logic, but that doesn’t mean you sell the whole position. Stay disciplined: believe in the vision, but prepare for volatility.